1	Unit 10
2	I. Teaching Aims: In this unit students are required to: 1. Master the Main language structures 2. Learn dialogues 3. do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, pair work to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills 4. Grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary 5. Do some post-reading exercises in the Workbook to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their four basic skills
3	Language structures: be about+ infinitive: expressing an action in the immediate future be going to in the past: expressing “implied intention” The past perfect used in the hardly …when…pattern The past perfect of hope+ infinitive expressing “an unfulfilled wish” The simple past in the It’s time +subject + past-tense verb pattern
4	LSP-I Dialogue in full: A:How much longer do I have to wait before the concert starts? B: What time is it now? A:28 minutes past 7 by my watch. B: Don’t worry. The concert’s just about to start.
5	"Conduct" Conduct: guide The headmaster conducted us round the school. The guide conducted us on a tour of the oldest museum in the country. Communicative Skill: Asking for and giving information Do other practice by using the rest cues.
6	LSP-II Dialogue in full: A:Did you take swimming lessons during the summer holidays, Betty? B:No, I didn’t. A: Why didn’t you? B: Yes, I was going to take swimming lessons, but I was so busy preparing for my exams that I had no time for the lessons.
7	"Rain cats and dogs" Rain cats and dogs: rain a lot Come down in buckets: The road was flooded yesterday because the rain was coming down in buckets. Come down in sheets: It’s coming down in sheets. Pour down
8	"Communicative skill" Communicative skill: 1,asking for and giving information 2,seeking and giving clarification Do substitution work
9	LSP-III Dialogue in Full: A: Jane and her friends went picnicking on Sunday, I heard. B: Yes, they did. A: Did they have a good time? B:No. They’d hardly begun eating when the rain poured down.
10	"Hardly….When…主句一..." Hardly….When…主句一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时：I had hardly begun my homework when the dorebell rang. Communicative skill: Asking for and giving information Do substitution work
11	LSP-IV Dialogue in full: A: Liu must be enjoying his life at the medical school. B:But he never went there. A: No? He had hoped to study there, hadn’t he? B: Yes. But his color blindness prevented him from doing so.
12	"Communicative skill" Communicative skill: Checking up and seeking clarification Do substitution work
13	LSP-V Dialogue in full: A: Has Gerald learned how to operate this machine on his own? B: No, not yet. A: But it’s a month since he started doing it. It time he worked on his own.
14	"Detain" Detain: detain sb. as a suspect Petty: small, unimportant Petty bourgeois Petty proprietor Petty official Petty minds
15	"Communicative skill" Communicative skill: Expressing disappointment Do substitution work
16	Dialogue I Lost and Found A. Listen to the recording and answer some questions: Why did Tony and his wife grow more and more worried by people’s dishonesty when they were traveling? When and where did they change their view? What made them do so? Does Tony think that his wife was luck in getting the purse back? Why? Have you had any personal experience like the couple? If you have, tell what happened.
17	B. Language points: sabbatical trip: a year holiday trip from normal teaching duties for college, or university teachers once in seven years. During this year’s release, they still get their pay. Sabbath: day of the week for rest and worship of God Strenuous: tension, active make strenuous efforts,竭尽全力 strenuous examination紧张的考试 A long strenuous march艰苦的长途行军 She is a strenuous supporter of women’s rights.
18	"Mediterranean sea" Mediterranean sea: is surrounded by three continents, its north is Europe, south is Africa ,east is Asia, west is Atlantic ocean. Spain, France, Greek, Turkey, Palistania, Egypt and Algeria. metropolis: chief city/ the capital city city/ town bump into: hit against/ meet by chance
19	"be about to do sth..." be about to do sth.: refer to an action in the immediate future The concert is just about to start. He was about to explain when someone interrupted him. Ladies and gentlemen, the airplane is about to take off, please fasten your seat belt. Glassware, -ware 表示器皿，物品silverware, ironware, chinaware souvenir: gift kept as a reminder/ memento遗物
20	"to say the least" to say the least: This phrase suggests that a situation is actually made serious than it seems. a. That is the least one can say. b .Considering his appearance, the man must be in his 40’s, to say the least. c .Martha is a good student and makes great achievements. If you wonder how Martha makes it. She works hard, to say the least.
21	"in almost no time" in almost no time: very soon The hotel is not far from here, we can walk there in almost no time. He can finish writing a paper in almost no time. With computer, you can solve the complex mathematics problem in no time. shoal: a large number thoroughfare: busy main road
22	C. Retelling the dialogue: Tony, an Englishman, tells his friend Ben about his experience during his trip around the world with his wife. sabbatical trip to relax after strenuous work at the university his wallet stolen in a Mediterranean metropolis their lost suitcase found and sent back to them in Beijing his wife purse lost, found, and returned to her Ben was greatly impressed by what Tony has said about China
23	Dialogue II Read the 6 tables to learn greeting and leaving friends Read dialogue II to find the usage of those phrases
24	Reading Ⅰ Group work: How many kinds of language families do you know? Indo-European family has membership of about 150 languages, including most European languages and Indian subcontinental languages Sino-Tibetan family contains about 300 East Asian languages
25	Information about language families: Altogether there are 18(or 19) language families in the world. English belongs to Indo-European family which is the largest family among the language families in the world
26	"Hanzang language family 汉藏语" Hanzang language family 汉藏语系 Indo-European family. 印欧语系 Shanhan family 闪含、亚非语系 Alta family 阿尔泰语系 Wulaer family 乌拉尔语系 Ancient Asian family 古亚细亚语系
27	"高加索语系" 高加索语系爱斯基摩阿留语系澳大利亚语系马来－玻利尼西亚语系奥斯特洛－亚细亚语系（南亚语系）巴布亚语系巴布亚语系德拉维达语系尼日尔－科尔多凡语系尼罗－撒哈拉语系科洛桑语系北美印第安诸语系中南美－印第安诸语系系属未确定的语系：日语，朝鲜语，越南语，巴斯克语
28	Answer the following comprehension questions 1) Why does the author compare a language with a living organism? 2) Which language family does English belong to? 3) What languages does the Indo-European family comprise? 4) Is Dutch easy for an Englishman to learn? 5) What is it that causes the languages within a single language family to become different from each other? Does this happen to one particular language in different periods of time, too?
29	"Do Multiple-choice questions in the..." Do Multiple-choice questions in the Workbook
30	Language points: ultimate: most extreme or important because either the original or final, or the best or worst The sun is the ultimate store of power. Your ultimate goal as an athlete is to represent your country. Although other people can advise him, the ultimate decision about who to employ lies with Andrew.
31	"in turn" in turn: afterwards, in the correct or expected order 1) 依次，后来，转而 a. I told Frank and he in turn told Mary. b .The boy reported the theft to his teacher, and she, in turn, to the headmaster. c. Every language is part of a specific linguistic family, which in turn is part of a larger linguistic family. 每一种语言是具体的语言系的一部分，而具体的语言学语系又是较大的语言学系的一个分支。 2) 轮流： Three of us will do the work in turn. 3) 反过来：The farmers supply the workers with food, and the workers in turn supply the farmers with manufactured goods. The theory comes from practice and in turn serves practice.
32	"comprise" comprise: 1)to have as parts or members The United Kingdom comprises England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 2)to be those parts or members Women comprise about 52 percent of the population of the nation. They comprise the overwhelming majority. 3)be comprised of The United States is comprised of 50 states.
33	"in some respects" in some respects: respect---a particular feature or detail This proposal differs from the last one in many important respects. In most respects the new film is better than the original.
34	"Pertain：pertaining to : about" Pertain：pertaining to : about, concerning, with regard to, a. Each language has its own strict grammatical rules pertaining to the ways words are formed and put together in sentences. 每种语言有自己严格的语法规则，包括单词的构成形式和在句中的排列方式。 b. In his speech, there is no information pertaining to the recent development in cancer research. c. Policemen are anxious to hear any information pertaining to his whereabouts.下落
35	"endeavor" endeavor: try, manage；try the best , do the best; variation: the fact of varying There are regional variations in house price(from place to place). Even in modern English there are variations in usage from place to place. variety: a. the fact of varying e.g. She didn’t like the work because it lacked variety. b. a number of collection of different sorts of the same general type... The shirt is available in a wide variety of color. 这种衬衫有各种各样的颜色供选 c. 种类，品种，We are growing a new variety of wheat this year.
36	"interfere with" interfere with: spoil something or prevent its achievement She never had children because they would interfere with her dancing career. Even a low level of noise interferes with my concentration Accumulate: to make or become greater in quantity or size, esp. over a long period; collect or grow into a mass.
37	"account for" account for: give explanation for / to explain something or the cause of something How do you account for losing five games in a row? How can you account for your being late again? somewhat: adv. By some degree The price was somewhat higher than I’d expected. 这价格比我预料的稍高一些。
38	Passage analysis Style: exposition Theme: Every language is part of a specific linguistic family, which in turn is part of a larger linguistic family.
39	Passage analysis Organization: part I: Theme part II: Modern language is related to other languages in many aspects. part III: Despite the fact shown in part II, native speakers of English find it hard to learn the other languages. part IV: What cause the languages within a single language family to become different from one another and what account for the development within a particular language.
40	Reading Ⅱ Group work: Do you know the historical development of English? Old English (roughly from 449 to 1100) Middle English (roughly from 1100 to 1500) Modern English (roughly from 1500 to the present day) ☆
41	Answer the following question (1)When was old English used? What about Middle English? (2)Why is Shakespeare’s language difficult to understand? (3)Can an Australian communicate with a Canadian easily? (4)What makes English unique?
42	Language points: be/feel at a loss: do not know what to do I was at a loss to understand what he alluded to. A good salesman is never at a loss for words.
43	"regardless of" regardless of: it does not matter; without worrying about or taking account of They decorated the house regardless of cost. All our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits. Irrespective of , without regard to e.g. The film can be enjoyed by anyone, irrespective of age.
44	"as was pointed earlier,..." as was pointed earlier,... as作为关系代词代替这个主句。可以在主句前、中或后面。 Which 则指前面提到的事实。 As 后若为 is/was + 过去分词构成的被动语态，is 或 was 可省掉。Which 后的不可省。 As (not which) might be expected, John was admitted to the university.
45	As 引导的结构，一般用于句首 As is known to all 众所周知 As is often the case 情况常常如此 As may be imagined 可以想象得出 As often happens 这种情况常常发生 As has been said before 如前所述 As will be shown in 将在...指出
46	"a body of" a body of: a large amount of, a large collection of a body of cold air 一团冷空气 a body of water 一泓水 a body of sand 一堆沙子 He had a large body of facts to prove his statement.
47	Guided writing 5 May, 2003 Dear Mildred, I am greatly sadden by the news of the passing away of your Aunt Mabel. I will always miss her great humor, warm hospitality, eagerness to help, and, above all, her willingness to listen to us, the young, baring our hearts to her. And what encouraging words she used to give us! How my heart aches! Please convey my profoundest condolences to Uncle Alan. I’ll come and see him when I have calmed down a little. Amy
48	Key to translation 1,Last night, I had hardly fallen asleep when hasty knocks woke me up. 2,It was after serious consideration that they decided to leave their hometown and settle down in Paris. 3, The police was at a loss as to how to explain the case. 4,He bought his daughter whatever she wanted, regardless of the expenses. 5,The boy reported the theft to his teacher, and she , in turn, to the headmaster. 6, Rose instructed the taxi-driver to take Brook Street instead of Baker Street, since the latter was under repair.
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